Challenges in sharing biomedical data are tied to the ethical and legal obligations that are integrated with the terms that manage the collection and consent of data. These are often obscured within static documents, metadata schemas, or institution-specific processes. Alternatively, the policies could be undocumented and known only to those privy to email conversations or meeting notes. Data Passports resolves this by providing a technical specification associated with the dataset to represent data use constraints and information, including regulatory and policy expectations. Data Passports extends the GA4GH Passports product by defining a set of data visas that encode data-level policy attributes. 

Similar gaps exist in policy pertaining to analysis platform trust, artificial intelligence and machine learning models, and billing for cloud resources. These policy issues are also candidates for study in this study group.

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